Critical Thinking: 

Critical thinking is the process in which one analyzes all sides of a certain topics in order to be well informed and to be confident in their position. This knowledge allows the person to persuade his audience to agree. It also helps us to judge an idea by separating out all the reasons and evidence that support or contradict it from all the feeling hopes and self-interest we attach to it.

Argument: 

The writer’s position on a topic that can be supported with evidence. This process of questioning, critically thinking, and rationalizing helps the writer be effective in persuading his audience.

Rationality:

Rationality: Using reason, and supporting evidence to construct an effective argument, prove a point and come to a conclusion.

Premise:

A statement or proposition from which another is inferred or follows as a conclusion.